Trait std::hash::Hash1.0.0[−][src]

pub trait Hash {
    fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)
    where
        H: Hasher;

    fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)
    where
        H: Hasher,
    { ... }
}
Expand description

A hashable type.

Types implementing Hash are able to be hashed with an instance of Hasher.

Implementing Hash

You can derive Hash with #[derive(Hash)] if all fields implement Hash. The resulting hash will be the combination of the values from calling hash on each field.

#[derive(Hash)]
struct Rustacean {
    name: String,
    country: String,
}
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If you need more control over how a value is hashed, you can of course implement the Hash trait yourself:

use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};

struct Person {
    id: u32,
    name: String,
    phone: u64,
}

impl Hash for Person {
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.id.hash(state);
        self.phone.hash(state);
    }
}
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Hash and Eq

When implementing both Hash and Eq, it is important that the following property holds:

k1 == k2 -> hash(k1) == hash(k2)

In other words, if two keys are equal, their hashes must also be equal. HashMap and HashSet both rely on this behavior.

Thankfully, you won’t need to worry about upholding this property when deriving both Eq and Hash with #[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash)].

Prefix collisions

Implementations of hash should ensure that the data they pass to the Hasher are prefix-free. That is, unequal values should cause two different sequences of values to be written, and neither of the two sequences should be a prefix of the other.

For example, the standard implementation of Hash for &str passes an extra 0xFF byte to the Hasher so that the values ("ab", "c") and ("a", "bc") hash differently.

Required methods

Feeds this value into the given Hasher.

Examples
use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};

let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
7920.hash(&mut hasher);
println!("Hash is {:x}!", hasher.finish());
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Provided methods

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher.

This method is meant as a convenience, but its implementation is also explicitly left unspecified. It isn’t guaranteed to be equivalent to repeated calls of hash and implementations of Hash should keep that in mind and call hash themselves if the slice isn’t treated as a whole unit in the PartialEq implementation.

For example, a VecDeque implementation might naïvely call as_slices and then hash_slice on each slice, but this is wrong since the two slices can change with a call to make_contiguous without affecting the PartialEq result. Since these slices aren’t treated as singular units, and instead part of a larger deque, this method cannot be used.

Examples
use std::collections::hash_map::DefaultHasher;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};

let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
let numbers = [6, 28, 496, 8128];
Hash::hash_slice(&numbers, &mut hasher);
println!("Hash is {:x}!", hasher.finish());
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Implementors

The hash of a vector is the same as that of the corresponding slice, as required by the core::borrow::Borrow implementation.

#![feature(build_hasher_simple_hash_one)]
use std::hash::BuildHasher;

let b = std::collections::hash_map::RandomState::new();
let v: Vec<u8> = vec![0xa8, 0x3c, 0x09];
let s: &[u8] = &[0xa8, 0x3c, 0x09];
assert_eq!(b.hash_one(v), b.hash_one(s));
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The hash of an array is the same as that of the corresponding slice, as required by the Borrow implementation.

#![feature(build_hasher_simple_hash_one)]
use std::hash::BuildHasher;

let b = std::collections::hash_map::RandomState::new();
let a: [u8; 3] = [0xa8, 0x3c, 0x09];
let s: &[u8] = &[0xa8, 0x3c, 0x09];
assert_eq!(b.hash_one(a), b.hash_one(s));
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