Long Integer Objects
********************

PyLongObject

   This subtype of "PyObject" represents a Python long integer object.

PyTypeObject PyLong_Type

   This instance of "PyTypeObject" represents the Python long integer
   type. This is the same object as "long" and "types.LongType".

int PyLong_Check(PyObject *p)

   Return true if its argument is a "PyLongObject" or a subtype of
   "PyLongObject".

   Changed in version 2.2: Allowed subtypes to be accepted.

int PyLong_CheckExact(PyObject *p)

   Return true if its argument is a "PyLongObject", but not a subtype
   of "PyLongObject".

   New in version 2.2.

PyObject* PyLong_FromLong(long v)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return a new "PyLongObject" object from *v*, or *NULL* on failure.

PyObject* PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(unsigned long v)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return a new "PyLongObject" object from a C "unsigned long", or
   *NULL* on failure.

PyObject* PyLong_FromSsize_t(Py_ssize_t v)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return a new "PyLongObject" object from a C "Py_ssize_t", or *NULL*
   on failure.

   New in version 2.6.

PyObject* PyLong_FromSize_t(size_t v)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return a new "PyLongObject" object from a C "size_t", or *NULL* on
   failure.

   New in version 2.6.

PyObject* PyLong_FromLongLong(PY_LONG_LONG v)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return a new "PyLongObject" object from a C "long long", or *NULL*
   on failure.

PyObject* PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG v)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return a new "PyLongObject" object from a C "unsigned long long",
   or *NULL* on failure.

PyObject* PyLong_FromDouble(double v)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return a new "PyLongObject" object from the integer part of *v*, or
   *NULL* on failure.

PyObject* PyLong_FromString(char *str, char **pend, int base)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Return a new "PyLongObject" based on the string value in *str*,
   which is interpreted according to the radix in *base*.  If *pend*
   is non-*NULL*, **pend* will point to the first character in *str*
   which follows the representation of the number.  If *base* is "0",
   the radix will be determined based on the leading characters of
   *str*: if *str* starts with "'0x'" or "'0X'", radix 16 will be
   used; if *str* starts with "'0'", radix 8 will be used; otherwise
   radix 10 will be used.  If *base* is not "0", it must be between
   "2" and "36", inclusive.  Leading spaces are ignored.  If there are
   no digits, "ValueError" will be raised.

PyObject* PyLong_FromUnicode(Py_UNICODE *u, Py_ssize_t length, int base)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Convert a sequence of Unicode digits to a Python long integer
   value.  The first parameter, *u*, points to the first character of
   the Unicode string, *length* gives the number of characters, and
   *base* is the radix for the conversion.  The radix must be in the
   range [2, 36]; if it is out of range, "ValueError" will be raised.

   New in version 1.6.

   Changed in version 2.5: This function used an "int" for *length*.
   This might require changes in your code for properly supporting
   64-bit systems.

PyObject* PyLong_FromVoidPtr(void *p)
    *Return value: New reference.*

   Create a Python integer or long integer from the pointer *p*. The
   pointer value can be retrieved from the resulting value using
   "PyLong_AsVoidPtr()".

   New in version 1.5.2.

   Changed in version 2.5: If the integer is larger than LONG_MAX, a
   positive long integer is returned.

long PyLong_AsLong(PyObject *pylong)

   Return a C "long" representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If
   *pylong* is greater than "LONG_MAX", an "OverflowError" is raised
   and "-1" will be returned.

long PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(PyObject *pylong, int *overflow)

   Return a C "long" representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If
   *pylong* is greater than "LONG_MAX" or less than "LONG_MIN", set
   **overflow* to "1" or "-1", respectively, and return "-1";
   otherwise, set **overflow* to "0".  If any other exception occurs
   (for example a TypeError or MemoryError), then "-1" will be
   returned and **overflow* will be "0".

   New in version 2.7.

PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(PyObject *pylong, int *overflow)

   Return a C "long long" representation of the contents of *pylong*.
   If *pylong* is greater than "PY_LLONG_MAX" or less than
   "PY_LLONG_MIN", set **overflow* to "1" or "-1", respectively, and
   return "-1"; otherwise, set **overflow* to "0".  If any other
   exception occurs (for example a TypeError or MemoryError), then
   "-1" will be returned and **overflow* will be "0".

   New in version 2.7.

Py_ssize_t PyLong_AsSsize_t(PyObject *pylong)

   Return a C "Py_ssize_t" representation of the contents of *pylong*.
   If *pylong* is greater than "PY_SSIZE_T_MAX", an "OverflowError" is
   raised and "-1" will be returned.

   New in version 2.6.

unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(PyObject *pylong)

   Return a C "unsigned long" representation of the contents of
   *pylong*. If *pylong* is greater than "ULONG_MAX", an
   "OverflowError" is raised.

PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsLongLong(PyObject *pylong)

   Return a C "long long" from a Python long integer.  If *pylong*
   cannot be represented as a "long long", an "OverflowError" is
   raised and "-1" is returned.

   New in version 2.2.

unsigned PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject *pylong)

   Return a C "unsigned long long" from a Python long integer. If
   *pylong* cannot be represented as an "unsigned long long", an
   "OverflowError" is raised and "(unsigned long long)-1" is returned.

   New in version 2.2.

   Changed in version 2.7: A negative *pylong* now raises
   "OverflowError", not "TypeError".

unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(PyObject *io)

   Return a C "unsigned long" from a Python long integer, without
   checking for overflow.

   Returns "(unsigned long)-1" on error.  Use "PyErr_Occurred()" to
   disambiguate.

   New in version 2.3.

unsigned PY_LONG_LONG PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(PyObject *io)

   Return a C "unsigned long long" from a Python long integer, without
   checking for overflow.

   Returns "(unsigned PY_LONG_LONG)-1" on error.  Use
   "PyErr_Occurred()" to disambiguate.

   New in version 2.3.

double PyLong_AsDouble(PyObject *pylong)

   Return a C "double" representation of the contents of *pylong*.  If
   *pylong* cannot be approximately represented as a "double", an
   "OverflowError" exception is raised and "-1.0" will be returned.

void* PyLong_AsVoidPtr(PyObject *pylong)

   Convert a Python integer or long integer *pylong* to a C "void"
   pointer. If *pylong* cannot be converted, an "OverflowError" will
   be raised.  This is only assured to produce a usable "void" pointer
   for values created with "PyLong_FromVoidPtr()".

   New in version 1.5.2.

   Changed in version 2.5: For values outside 0..LONG_MAX, both signed
   and unsigned integers are accepted.